Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, affecting 1-2 individuals in every 100. While not everyone requires treatment, about 2-3 in 1000 may need treatment, and approximately 1 in 1000 may require surgical intervention.
Scoliosis can have various causes, including traumas, injuries, or other accompanying diseases. Family history plays a role, as those with a family history of scoliosis are more susceptible. Surprisingly, 80% of scoliosis cases have an unknown cause. If left untreated, scoliosis can lead to respiratory or gastrointestinal issues, as well as a deformed and painful spine. It's essential to address the condition early, as it tends to progress until adulthood.
One of the primary treatments for scoliosis, especially in girls with progressive curvatures, is brace treatment. The primary aim of brace treatment is to prevent scoliosis from worsening during adolescence. Although a brace cannot correct the curvature, it effectively slows down its progression.
Brace treatment is most successful when patients adhere to the prescribed regimen. Early initiation during the growing phase, having a low-degree scoliosis angle, a well-fitting brace, using the brace for the required 23 hours daily, and strong support from parents all contribute to the treatment's success.
The risks associated with brace treatment include the possibility of failure, which may ultimately require surgical intervention. Failure can occur due to non-compliance with brace usage, complications such as scars or wounds preventing brace usage, or discomfort and psychological issues affecting compliance.
Braces are custom-made from materials like plastic, metal, and fabric. They aim to apply pressure from opposing sides of the curvature, helping correct the deformity. Braces are usually worn under garments and are inconspicuous. While wearing a brace, children can continue their normal activities as the brace allows.
The duration of brace treatment typically spans until the patient's skeletal structure is fully developed. After that, the brace usage is reduced to nighttime for some additional time until the treatment is completed.
The success rate of brace treatment is approximately 80% for patients who have not reached adulthood, meaning their scoliosis does not progress further. Only brace treatment and surgical treatment have been proven effective for scoliosis, and no alternative treatment methods exist. Physical exercise, though beneficial for overall health, cannot stop the progression of scoliosis.
Several types of braces are available, including the Thoraco-Lumbo-Sacral Orthosis (TLSO), Cervico-Thoraco-Lumbo-Sacral Orthosis (CTLSO) or Milwaukee Brace, Charleston Bending Brace, and the dynamic SpineCor Brace.
Brace treatment typically involves a progressive adaptation program, during which the patient gradually increases brace usage until wearing it for 23 hours a day. Adequate skin care and hygiene are essential to prevent pressure sores and discomfort.
Exercises complement brace treatment and contribute to its success. Patients are encouraged to perform exercises to increase flexibility and strengthen muscles both with and without the brace.
While using a brace, children can engage in various sports activities. However, some high-impact activities might require temporarily removing the brace.
Close follow-up and regular visits to the doctor are necessary during brace treatment to monitor progress and make any adjustments as needed.
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